ChromosOmics - Database




                                                  - CHROMOSOME  21 -                                                

Cases without
clinical findings
Cases with
clinical findings

most common clinical findings acc to Orphanet and this page (variable clinical features)

- many cases - ~30% of reported ones - clinically (almost) normal!

- DD = developmental delay (including intellectual disability)
- growth retardation
- microcephaly
- DYS = dysmorphic facial features
- seizures
- also possible:
dermatological features (= dispigmentation incl. café-au-lait spots), micrognathia, congenital heart defects, cerebral malformations

- also possible: cancer predisposition (leukemia)/ immunodeficiency

 Down syndrome possible in combination with RC-21

Cases without or very mild clinical findings (O)

case no.
gender/
age at diagnosis

studied
material

de novo/
inherited

karyotype test
methods

clinical symptoms
Reference
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-1a and 1-1b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal,
child with Down syndrome due to extra r(21)

{928}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-2a and 1-2b

female/
newborn

PBL

mat

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
mild DD, DYS {937, cases 3 and 4}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-3a and 1-3b

female/
35y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal;

son also with r(21) – also normal
{945, case 1}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-4

male/
5y

PBL

fibro
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal but ALL with 5y {946, case 2}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-5

female/
25y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal
infertile
{948}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-6

female/
25y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal female child with recombinant of r(21) {949, case 1}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-7a and 1-7b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal;

male child with r(21); born normal
{949, case 2}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-8

female/
adult

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal,

first infertile; later one child normal, one with 45,XX,t(21;21)(p11;q11)
{952; 960}
literature not accessible
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-9a and 1-9b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal;

child with r(21); and Down syndrome
{973}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-10

male/
28y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal,

infertile,

azoospermia
{970; 991}
literature not accessible
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-11a and 1-11b

female/
adult

PBL

mat

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal
mother and grandmother;

child with i(21) and Down syndrome

{961}
literature not accessible
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-12

male/
13y

PBL

fibro
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal but ALL with 13y {962}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-13a, 1-13b and 1-13c

female/
7y

PBL

mat

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal
mother and daughter (7y); same r(21) in unborn daughter

{969}
literature not accessible
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-14a and 1-14b-?d

female/
adult

PBL

familial

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and some family members with Down syndrome in connection with r(21) {985}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-15

female/
36y

PBL

fibro
?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal but MDS with 36y {986}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-16

male/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

normal

infertile
{998, one case}
literature not accessible
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-17

male/
adult

PBL

sperm

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)
in sperm only 0.1% of cells with r(21)

GTG

normal

infertile
{1001}
RC/O-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-18a and 1-18b

n.a./
prenatal

AF

pat

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
normal at birth, father normal {1, case RC22-35, 1060 case 1}
literature not accessible

RC/O-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-1a and 1-1b

male/
15y

PBL

mat

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.3)

molgen results cannot be attributed to individual families

GTG

Molgen

normal mother and child {963; 975, family 5}
RC/O-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-2a and 1-2b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)
molgen results cannot be attributed to individual families

GTG
Molgen

normal mother
and 2 affected children

{975, family 1}
RC/O-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-3a to 1-3f

male/
adult

PBL

pat

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.3)

molgen results cannot be attributed to individual families

GTG
Molgen

normal father and grandfather and 3 affected children

{975, family 2}
RC/O-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-4a to 1-4c

female/
adult

PBL

pat

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

molgen results cannot be attributed to individual families

GTG
Molgen

father and index normal, one daughter affected

{975, family 3}
RC/O-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-5a and 1-5b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

molgen results cannot be attributed to individual families

GTG
Molgen

normal mother
and one son affected

{975, family 4}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-6a and 1-6b

female/
34y

PBL

mat

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XX,r(21)[94]/46,XX,dr(21)[4]/

45,XX,-21[2]

acc. to aCGH ~3.4Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

FISH
aCGH

normal

infertile
mother normal

{1000}
RC/O-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-1

male/
~1.2y

PBL ?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p13q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XY,r(21)/46,XX,dr(21)/45,XX,-21

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG

FISH

aCGH

OGM
nomal with slight DD {626, case NA06199; 932; 933; 954; 956; 968}
RC/O-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-2

male/
~3y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p13q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[44]/46,XY,dr(21)[2]/45,XY-21[4]

GTG

normal with growth retardation {959}
RC/O-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-3a and 1-3b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p13q22.3)

GTG

normal mother; son with same r(21) and affected {971}
RC/O-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-4a and 1-4b

female/
adult

PBL

mat

46,XX,r(21)(p13q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[82-91]/46,XX,dr(21)[4-9]45,XX,-21[5-12]

acc. to molgen ~1-3.5Mb loss at 22qter

GTG

Molgen
(almost) normal mother and grandmother; daughter with same r(21) and affected {974}
RC/O-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-5

male/
33y

PBL

sperm

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p13q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

45,XY,-21[52]/46,XY,dr(21)[4]/46,XY,r(21)[44]

Subtelomer 21qter present

GTG

FISH

normal

infertile

azoospermia

{1018}
RC/O-
21-
p12q22.3/
1-6

male/
32y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p12q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XY,r(21)[21]/

46,XY,del(21)(q22.3)[13]/

46,XY,r(21)(::p1?2->q22.3::q22.3->p1?2:
:p1?2->q22.3::q22.3->p1?2::)[1]

GTG
FISH

normal,
infertile

{541, case 17; 592, case 9}
RC/O-
21-
p12q22.3/
1-7

male/
12y

PBL

derived from mat der(21)

46,XY,r(21)(p12q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)/45,XY,-21

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG
FISH

normal,
growth retardation

{988}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-1

female/
17y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XX,r(21)[33]/ 46,XX,dr(21)[5]/

47,XX,r(21),+del(21)(p11.2:)[1]/ 46,XX[1]

GTG
FISH

normal, POF

{541, case 20}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-2

male/
34y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

GTG

normal, infertile

{958}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-3

male/
27y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

GTG

normal, infertile,
azoospermia

{953}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-4a and 1-4b

female/
adult

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

GTG

normal mother; daughter mildly affected with same r(21)

{972}
literature not accessible
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-5a and 1-5b

male/
~1y

PBL

pat
r(21) in 1/100 cells

46,XY,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)
dynamic mosaicism: 46,XY,r(21)[34]/46,XY[14]/

45,XY,-21[4]

acc. to FISH and aCGH no loss or gains

GTG

FISH

aCGH

normal

growth retardation

{1007}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-6

male/
32y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)
acc. to aCGH ~2.6Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

FISH

aCGH

normal

infertile

{1035, case 1}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-7

male/
32y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)
acc. to aCGH ~1.5Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

FISH

aCGH

normal

infertile

{1035, case 2}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-8a and 1-8b

female/
40y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XX,r(21)[15]/45,XX,-21[35]

acc. to aCGH ~1.1Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

FISH

aCGH

normal
in fetus r(21) in all cells; sonography normal

{1008}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-9

female/
18y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XX,der(21)t(21;21)(qter->q10::q22.3->qter),r(21)(:p11->22.1:)[92]/45,XX,der(21)t(21;21)(qter->q10::q22.1->qter),-21[8]

acc. to aCGH no CNVs

GTG
FISH
aCGH

normal, infertile

growth retardation

{1025}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-10

female/
30y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11->q22.2::q22.3->q22.3)

acc. to aCGH ~1.7Mb loss at 21qter and 4.9 Mb deletion in 21q22.2~q22.3

GTG
aCGH

mild DD and DYS, infertile

{1006}
RC/O-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
2-1

female/
30y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2->q22.2::q22.3->q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XX,r(21)[166]/46,XX,der(21)[60]/

46,XX,dr(21)[4],45,XX,-21[20]

acc. to aCGH ~4.6Mb loss at 21qter and ~3Mb loss at 21q22.2q22.3

GTG

FISH

aCGH

normal

infertile

{1017}
literature not accessible

Cases with clinical findings (W)

case no.
gender/
age at diagnosis

studied
material

de novo/
inherited

karyotype
test
methods

general clinical symptoms
Reference
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-1

male/
~0.1y
PBL
dn
46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2) GTG
DD, microcephaly, growth retardation, DYS {95, case 6}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-2

female/
~0.5y

PBL

fibros
?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[91]/45,XX,-21[9]
GTG
DD, growth retardation, DYS {917}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-3

female/
~2y

PBL

fibros
?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
only 45,XX,-21 found
GTG
DD, DYS {938}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-4

female/
~0.5y

PBL

fibros
dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, microcephaly, micrognathia, DYS {919}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-5

female/
10y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, DYS, seizures {921}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-6

male/
3.5y
PBL
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
45,XY,-21/46,XY,r(21)
GTG
DD, microcephaly, micrognathia, DYS {924}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-7

n.a./
n.a.
PBL
?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, DYS {925}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-8

n.a./
n.a.
PBL
?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, DYS {926}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-9

female/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, growth retardation, micrognathia, DYS {936}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-10

male/
child

PBL

?dn

46,X,inv(Y),r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD {944}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-11

male/
2y
PBL
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS {934; 935}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-12

male/
3.5y
PBL
?dn

6,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)/45,XY,-21

GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, micrognathia {584, case 3; 939; 940}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-13a and 1-13b

female/
3y

PBL

mat

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS {941}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-14

male/
3y
PBL
fibros
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, micrognathia; acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia {930}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-15

female/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly {937, case 2;
982, case 3}

RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-16

male/
~2y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, microcephaly, DYS {947}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-17

female/
child

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly {950}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-18

male/
2y
PBL
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG
DD, growth retardation, DYS, hypotonia; at 2y seizures {951, case 1}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-19

male/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD, growth retardation, DYS, hypotonia {955}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-20

male/
14y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)/45,XY,-21
GTG
DD {978}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-21

female/
4y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG
DD; DYS {979}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-22

female/
4y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG
DD {978}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-23

female/
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,+r(21)[92]/45,XX,-21[8]
GTG
DD, microcephaly {982, case 2}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-24

male/
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[80]/45,XY,-21[20]
GTG
DD, growth retardation, DYS {982, case 3}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-25

n.a./
child

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2) GTG
DD; seizures {993}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-26

n.a./
child

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2) GTG
DD {1019}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-27

female/
~2y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2) GTG
DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, micrognathia, DYS {1020}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-28

male/
14y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG
DD {999}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-19

male/
1y

PBL

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

acc. to aCGH ~2.2Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

aCGH

DD, slight DYS

{1012; 1027}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-20

female/
3y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG

FISH

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, DYS, dispigmentation

{1014}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
1-21

n.a./
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

GTG


DD, DYS

{1228}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
2-1

male/
child
PBL
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)/46,XY,trob(21;21)
GTG

Down

syndrome
{918}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
2-2

n.a./
child

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XN,r(21)[45]/46,XN,trob(21;21)[55
GTG

Down

syndrome
{943, case 1}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
2-3

n.a./
child

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XN,r(21)[80]/46,XN,trob(21;21)[20]
GTG

Down

syndrome
{943, case 2}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
3-1

female/
11y
PBL
?dn
46,XX,dr(21)(p1?1->q2?2::p1?1->q2?2) GTG

Down

syndrome DD, DYS, microcephaly, growth retardation, seizures
{922}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
3-2

female/
child
PBL
?dn
46,XX,r(21)(p11~21->q22.2::q22.2~21->p11 GTG

Down

syndrome DD, DYS
{942}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
4-1

female/
~1y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
45,XX,-21[13]/46,XX,r(21)[375]/

46,XX,dr(21)[6]47,XX,r(21),+(21)[5]
GTG

Down

syndrome DD, DYS
{926}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
5-1

female/
n.a.

PBL

?dn

47,XX,+r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
47,XX,+r(21)[80]/46,XX[20]
GTG
Down syndrome {982, case 6}
RC/W-
21-
p1?1q2?2/
6-1

male/
~7y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p1?1q2?2)

dynamic mosaicism:
47,XY,+21[28]/47,XY,+r(21)[4]/46,XY[68]
GTG
Down syndrome {1013}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
1-1

male/
~0.1y
PBL
dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XY,dr(21)[10]/46,XY,r(21)[7]/

45,XY,-21[7]/46,XY,der(21)(:p11->q22::p11->q22:)[2]/46,XY,der(21)(:p11->q22:)[1]/46,XY,r(21)(::p11->q22::p11q2?1::)[1]/46,XY,der(21)(:q22->p11::p11->q22:)[1]/47,XY,r(21)(::p11->q22::),+r(21,21)(::p11-q22::p11q22::)[1]

GTG

FISH
DD, DYS {541, case 15}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
1-2

male/
child

PBL

fibros
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[75]/45,XY,-21[25]

GTG

DD, DYS {920}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
1-3

n.a./
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p11q22)

GTG

DD, DYS {923}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
1-4

male/
3.5y

PBL

fibro

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22)

dynamic mosaicism – r(21) only in 20% of fibros:
46,XY,r(21)/45,XX,-21

GTG

growth retardation, DD {966}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
1-5

male/
~1.5y

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p11q22)

GTG

DD, hypogamma-globulinaemia {983}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
1-6

male/
2y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22)

GTG

DD, growth retardation, micrognatia, mild DYS, acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia {1034}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
2-1

male/
0.25y

PBL

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,trob(21;21)(q10;q10)[141]/

46,XY,r(21)[15]

GTG

Down syndrome {1002}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
2-2

male/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,trob(21;21)(q10;q10)[6]/

46,XY,r(21)[87]/45,XY,-21[21]

GTG

Down syndrome {1005}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22/
3-1

female/
3y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.12)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[88]/46,XX[12]

aCGH results not detailed – acc. to figure loss of ~11Mb in 21qter

GTG

FISH

aCGH

DD, growth retardation

{1015}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.12/
1-1

female/
12y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11->q22.11::q11.21->q22.12)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[59]/46,XXdr(21)[1]46,XX[40]

acc. to aCGH loss of ~12.5Mb in 21qter and gain of ~3.2Mb in 21q11.2q22.11

GTG

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS, at 12y thrombocytopenia

{1026}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.13
1-1

female/
newborn

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11->q22.13::q11.2->q22.13)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[42]/46,XX[8]

acc. to aCGH results loss of ~9Mb in 21qter and gain of ~23.9Mb in 21q11.2q22.13

GTG

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, DYS

{1016}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.2~22.3/
1-1

male/
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.2~22.3)

acc. to molgen ~4~6Mb loss at 22qter

GTG

Molgen
DD, DYS, brain atrophy {984, case CGM-14}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.2~22.3/
1-2

male/
~1y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.2~22.3)

GTG

FISH
DD, growth retardation, DYS {992}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-1a and 1-1b

female/
~40y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

GTG

mild DD, growth retardation, seizures;

daughter also with r(21) – also affected and Downs syndrome features – here 3% with 47,XX,r(21)
{945, case 2}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-2

male/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[91%]

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG
ISH

hydrocephalus {967}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-3

male/
child

PBL

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XY,r(21)[91]/

46,XY,dr(21)[5]/45,XY,-21[4]
Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG

FISH

DD, growth retardation, DYS

{994}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-4

female/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG

FISH

DD, growth retardation

{995}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-5

male/
2y

fibros

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11q22.3)

acc. to aCGH ~4.6Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

FISH

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS

{1003}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-6

female/
5y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[35]/46,XX[65]

aCGH data unclear

GTG

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, DYS, immunodeficiency

{1022}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-7

female/
2y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

acc. to aCGH ~3.6Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, DYS

{1023}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-8 to 1-9

n.a./
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p11q22.3)

Subtelomer 21qter present

GTG

BOBs

n.a.

{1024, 2 cases}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-10

n.a./
n.a.

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p11q22.3)

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG

BOBs

n.a.

{1024, 1 case}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
1-11

female/
~3

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

acc. to aCGH loss of ~6Mb in 21qter

GTG

DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS

{1028, case RD_P26}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
2-1

female/
child

PBL

fibros

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,trob(21;21)(q10;q10)[22]/

46,XX,r(21)[61]/45,XX,-21[17]

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG

FISH

Down syndrome;

DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS

{1004}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
2-1

male/
newborn

PBL

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11->q22.3::q22.3->p11)

GTG
FISH

Down syndrome {980}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
3-1

female/
3y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11->q22.13::q22.12->q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[97]/45,XX,–21[3]

acc. to aCGH ~6.7Mb loss at 21qter and 1.3Mb gain at 21q22.12~q22.13

GTG
FISH
aCGH

DD, growth retardation, DYS, hypotonia {1011, case 1}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
4-1

male/
~2y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11->q22.12::q22.2->q22.3::q22.2->q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[87]/45,XY,–21[13]

acc. to aCGH ~2.2Mb loss at 21qter and 3.6 Mb loss at 21q22.12q22.2 and 4.6Mb gain at 21q22.2~q22.3

GTG

FISH

aCGH

DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, micrognathia, DYS, hypotonia

{1011, case 2}
RC/W-
21-
p11q22.3/
5-1

n.a./
postnatal

PBL

dn

46,XN,r(21)(p11->q22.2::q21.3->q22.3:
:q22.2->22.3::q22.2->q22.3)

acc. to aCGH dup 21q21.3-q22.2 of 11.2Mb and triplication of 21q22.2-q22.3 of 5.8Mb

GTG

FISH

aCGH

no details provided

{1099, case 30}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22/
1-1

n.a./
n.a.
PBL ?dn
46,XN,r(21)(p13q22) GTG DD, DYS {584, case 1}
literature not accessible

RC/W-
21-
p13q22/
1-2

n.a./
n.a.
PBL ?dn
46,XN,r(21)(p13q22) GTG DD, DYS {584, case 2}
literature not accessible

RC/W-
21-
p13q22/
1-3

male/
newborn

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p13q22)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[34]/46,XY,dr(21)[76]
GTG Down syndrome {964; 965}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22/
1-4

female/
~5y

PBL

fibros

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p13q22)
dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-2/46,XX
46,XX has isoUPD(21) and cell line grew with time in PBL
GTG DD, micrognathia, growth retardation, DYS {977, case 1}
RC/W-
21-
p13q21.1/
1-1

female/
~5y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,der(18)t(18;21)(q23;q21.1),
r(21)(p13q21.1)
dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[48]/45,XX,-21[52]

GTG
FISH

DD, microcephaly, growth retardation, DYS

{976}
RC/W-
21-
p13q21.2/
1-1

male/
prenatal

AF

dn

46,XY,r(21)(p13->q21.2::q21.2->q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[15]/45,XY,-21[5]/46,XY,idic(21)[1]

acc. to aCGH ~5Mb loss at 21qter and 2Mb loss at 21q21.2

GTG
aCGH

DD, DYS, TOP

{1010}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22.1/
1-1

male/
prenatal
AF ?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p13q22.1)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XX,r(21)[64]/45,XX,-21[26]/

46,XX[10]
GTG
FISH
DD, DYS {541, case 14}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22.2/
1-1

n.a./

prenatal
AF dn

46,XN,r(21)(p13q22.2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XN,r(21)[83]/45,XN,-21[18]

acc to aCGH 7.4Mb loss in 21q

GTG

aCGH
DD, DYS {896}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-1

female/
10y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p13q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XX,r(21)[91]/46,XX, idic(21)(p13)[4]/46,XX[5]

GTG

FISH

DD, growth retardation

{996}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22.3/
1-2

male/
13y

PBL

?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p13q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[17]/45,XY,-21[3]

Subtelomer 21qter absent

GTG

MLPA

DD, seizures, DYS

{1009}
RC/W-
21-
p13q22.3/
2-1

female/

n.a.
PBL ?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p13->q22.3:::q22.3->p13)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XX,dr(21)[32]/45,XX,-21[2]

Subtelomer 21qter absent
GTG
FISH
Down syndrome {595, case 38}
RC/W-
21-
p12q22.1~22.2/
1-1

male/
0.1y

PBL

fibros
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p12q22.1~22.2)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[94]/45,XY,-21[6]
GTG DD, microcephaly, DYS {929}
RC/W-
21-
p12q22.3/
1-1

female/
11y
PBL
?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p12q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism: 45,XX,-21[50%]/ 46,XX,r(21)[30%]/

46,XX,del(21)(q22.3)[20%]
GTG
FISH
DD, DYS {541, case 13}
RC/W-
21-
p12q22.3/
1-2

male/
prenatal
AF ?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p12q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XY,r(21)[23]/

46,XY,dr(21)[4]/45,XY,-21[2]/

46,XY,r(21)(p12q21)[1]
GTG
FISH
DYS; TOP {541, case 16; 592, case 8}
RC/W-
21-
p12q22.3/
2-1

female/
prenatal

AF

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p12->q22.3::q22.2->q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[19]/45,XX,-21[13]

acc. to aCGH ~1.9Mb loss at 21qter and gain of ~6Mb in 21q22.2q22.3

GTG

aCGH

DD, DYS, TOP

{1030}
RC/W-
21-
p12q22.3/
3-1

n.a./
~2.5y

AF

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p12->q22.3::q22.1->q23)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XN,r(21)[83]/45,XN,-21[14]/46,XN,dr(21)(p12q22;q22p12)[3]

acc. to aCGH loss of ~2.3Mb in 21qter and 5.1Mb quadruplication at 21q11.12q22.3

GTG

aCGH

DD, DYS, TOP

{1032 case 2}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p12q22.3/
4-1

n.a./
~2.5y

AF

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p12->q22.3::q22.3->p12)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XN,dr(21)[41]/45,XN,-21[9]

acc. to aCGH loss of ~3Mb in 21qter and 30Mb quadruplication at 21q11.2q22.3

GTG

aCGH

DD, DYS, TOP

{1032 case 1}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22/
1-1

female/
n.a.

PBL

?dn

47,XX,+r(21)(p11.2q22)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,+r(21)[14]/46,XX[76]/45,XX,-21[7]
GTG Down syndrome, DD, growth retardation, MDS {982, case 1}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22/
2-1

female/
1y

PBL

fibros

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(q22->p11.2::p11.2->q22)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,dic(21;21)(p11.2;p11.2)[5]/46,XX,dr(21)[45]
GTG Down syndrome; DD, growth retardation, microcephaly; DYS, seizures {987}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.1+q22.3/
1-1

female/
~2y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2->q22.11:

:q22.3->q11.1)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[~80]/45,XX,-21[20]

GTG

Molgen

DD, DYS, seizures, megakaryocytic leukemia

{982, case 7}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-1

n.a./
prenatal
AF ?dn

46,XN,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XN,der(21)(:q11.2->p11.1~11.2::p11.1~11.2->q22.3:)[8]/

46,XN,del(21)(:p11.1~11.2->q22.3:)[7]/

46,XN,r(21)[4]/45,XN,-21[1]

GTG
FISH
DYS; TOP {541, case 19}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-2

male/

0.5y
PBL ?dn
46,XY,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)
dynamic mosaicism:
46,XY,r(21)[77]/47,XY,r(21)x2[1]/ 45,XY,-21[2]
GTG DYS, DD {912}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-3

female/
newborn
PBL dn
46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3) GTG DD, micrognathia, DYS, heart disease {624, case 7}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-4

female/
child

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG DD {624, case 7}
literature not accessible
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-5

female/
1y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/46,XX,dr(21)/45,XX,-21
GTG Down syndrome {989}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
1-6

female/
prenatal

AF

?dn

46,XX,1ps,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)/45,XX,-21

acc. to aCGH 5Mb loss at 22qter

GTG
aCGH

growth retardation, TOP

{990}
RC/W-
21-
p11.2q22.3/
2-1

female/
4y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

aCGH analysis showed four deletions along almost all the 21q chromosome, including 15.123 Mb and three duplications totaling 3.744 Mb. These alterations were located in the region from 21q11.2 to 21q22.3 and ranged from 0.57 to 8.04 Mb each one. Specifically, in 21q22, where the Down syndrome critical region is located, one duplication and two deletions were found

GTG

FISH

aCGH

DD, mild DYS, at 3y MDS

{1021}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.12/
1-1

female/
~2.5y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.1q22.12)

dynamic mosaicism:
46,XX,r(21)[70]/45,XX,-21[10]/47,XX,r(21)x2)[1]/46,XX[10]

acc. to FISH loss of ~12-14Mb in 21qter

GTG

FISH

DD, growth retardation, microcephaly, DYS, hypotonia, seizures

{1031}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.2/
1-1

male/
~3.25y
PBL ?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11.1q22.2)

GTG DD, growth retardation, DYS {625, case 21-1}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.?2/
1-1

male/
prenatal
AF ?dn

46,XY,r(21)(p11.1q22.?2)

dynamic mosaicism: 46,XY,r(21)[9]/

46,XY,dr(21)[1]
GTG
FISH
DD, microcephaly, growth retardation, DYS {541, case 18}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.2/
1-1

male/
prenatal
AF
?dn

46,XY,r(21)(11.1q22.2)

dynamic mosaicism:
 46,XY,r(21)(p11.1q22.2)[88]/
45,XY,-21[7],46,XY[5]
GTG
sonography normal; TOP {579, case 24}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.3/
1-1

female/
prenatal

AF

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.2q22.3)

acc. to aCGH ~4.7Mb loss at 21qter

GTG

aCGH

DD, DYS, TOP

{1029}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.3/
1-2

female/
~3y

PBL

dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.1q22.3)

acc. to aCGH loss of ~5.4Mb in 21qter

GTG

aCGH

DD, microcephaly, seizures from 3y

{1033}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.3/
1-3

female/
2y

PBL

?dn

46,XX,r(21)(p11.1q22.3)

acc. to aCGH loss of ~4.5Mb in 21qter

GTG

aCGH

DD, DYS, at 2y B-cell ALL

{1219}
RC/W-
21-
p11.1q22.3/
2-1

n.a./
child

PBL

?dn

46,XN,r(21)(q22.3->p11.1::p11.1->q22.3)

dynamic mosaicism:

46,XN,dr(21)/46,XN,ddr(21)/45,XN,-21

Subtelomer 21qter present

GTG

FISH

Down syndrome

{997}